Pain improvement was defined as mean change in visual analogue scale (VAS) from baseline and mean change in Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) 22 pain from baseline. The primary goal of this study was to determine whether pain and joint function could be improved after MSC injection therapy and whether damaged cartilage could heal. This article focuses on comparing cell dosages and the most effective cell source for treating knee OA, with the aim of providing guidance for future clinical treatment.
18, 19 Although the use of stem cells for knee OA is becoming increasingly prevalent, the number of cells delivered has not yet been identified. However, adipose tissue is easier to obtain, and researchers are increasingly interested in adipose-derived MSCs. Bone marrow is the most common source of MSCs and has a high potential for cartilage formation. 17 Furthermore, the source and dosage of MSCs for knee OA remain unclear, so they need to be standardized. 15, 16 However, adjuvant surgery and the addition of PRP may lead to ambiguous conclusions about the efficacy of knee OA with MSCs, so we excluded these from this study. Adjunct therapy after high tibial osteotomy and partial meniscus resection have also achieved encouraging results. Many clinical studies have been conducted on MSC therapy for OA. They can improve the local microenvironment of the joint cavity by regulating the inflammatory response, and producing cell growth factors, which in turn facilitates tissue repair and induces cartilage regeneration. Additionally, MSCs are immunoprivileged owing to their low immunogenicity. 9– 12 MSCs have the ability to differentiate into different cell types, including bone, cartilage, and adipose cells. 7, 8 Among various cell therapies, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy appears to hold promise. 5, 6Īt present, the irreversible damage of cartilage is the most difficult problem in the treatment of OA and tissue engineering is considered to be an innovative and promising therapy for OA. 4 These treatments have been proven to have modest clinical benefits, but the long-term results of these treatments are poor, and most patients eventually choose knee arthroplasty. 3 Depending on the severity of knee OA, various medications - such as glucosamine, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid, or platelet-rich plasma (PRP) - are applied. The synovial membrane or other joint components may also be damaged. 1, 2 It is characterized in particular by the degeneration of the joint, causing loss of cartilage. Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a common disease, causing pain and limited mobility in patients, which seriously affects patients' daily lives.
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